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Semen Semenovich Girgolav was born on February 2, 1881 in Tiflis, Georgia, Russia. In 1904 he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy with honors. Under the guidance of Prof. M.S. Subbotin, Dr. S. Girgolav prepared and in 1907 successfully defended his doctoral dissertation "Experimental findings on the use of isolated omentum in the abdominal surgery". Later, he headed the chairs of general surgery, hospital surgery of the Military Medical Academy; he also was a scientific director of the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, head of the surgical department of the medical faculty of the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute.In the 30s. Prof. Girgolav started a comprehensive work on thermal injuries and continued it until the last days of his life, while basic efforts of the staff of departments and laboratories which he headed were focused on studying local and general effects of low temperatures. From the first to the last days of the Great Patriotic War, he was the Deputy Chief Surgeon of the Red Army, and when Academician Burdenko (Chief Surgeon) fell ill (from October 1941 to May 1942 and in 1945) he acted as Chief Surgeon. During the Great Patriotic War, Prof. Girgolav regularly underlined the priority of the issues of military field surgery management as well as the issues of collecting and sharing the battle experience in surgery.Academician Girgolav's list of works includes more than 140 scientific papers, which can be schematically divided into the following topics: "Military field surgery", "Wounds", "Frostbites", "Issues of Special Surgery", "Traumatology", "Asepsis and antiseptics", "Pain relief", "Neurosurgery", "Endocrinology and oncology", "Manuals and Guidelines". Professor V. G. Weinstein (an outstanding Soviet traumatologistorthopedist who worked under Acad. Girgolav's guidance) suggests the following sections: 38 works are devoted to comprehensive researches on wounds, 17 – to infections, 16 – to military field surgery, 14 – abdominal and thoracic surgery, 13 – ...